At low speed vehicle with the system becomes much AFS manevrennee
Where normal "five" requires poluoborota helm ...
machine with AFS system allows to dispense with the interception of hand
The very mechanism would produce firm ZF, a patent owned by Bosch
If the system is included DSC stabilization, the active steering will help it save more exchange rate stability without interference brakes
And if DSC off, the electronics will try to retain the angle constant exchange - including the angle managed to maintain skidding!
1 steering shaft
2 Epitsiklicheskaya chainrings
3 Satellite
4 Chervyak
5 Motor
6 Crashed catch
7 Shesternya steering mechanism
8 Reyka steering mechanism
In the section of the steering shaft built planetary mechanism. If the electric motor is not working, then satellites and chainrings shaft connecting the steering mechanism directly. If the electric motor rotates, it turns through verme epitsiklicheskuyu chainrings and depending on the direction, or increases or decreases the angular velocity of the output shaft. When failure electromagnet emergency latch locks verme, blocking the transmission mechanism for changing attitudes
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The invitation read: "At BMW test in Ashhayme you will be able to test under way revolutionary novelty-car firms with active steering AFS, which is ..."
! About not only did it!
"Automatic", electronic throttle valve, the stabilization system, electro-hydraulic brakes ...But rulit-to must itself!This is holy.And from whom I did not expect this latest attempt at a stronghold drayverskogo sovereignty is of BMW!
- AS you can see, not mechanics AFS system is complicated, BMW engineer nods to the poster design reechnogo steering mechanism of "Five" BMW. —"This is a normal mechanism gidrousilitelem Servotronic. But the steering shaft cut, and it is embedded in the planetary transmission, which can rotate corpus with the help of electric motors. Manages all, of course, the computer ...
The active steering system AFS (Active Front Steering), on which Munich engineers are working, since 1997, really simple, like all brilliant. Electric motor with "planetarkoy", pristroennye to normal reechnomu of steering mechanism. And all!
"We have deliberately maintained a traditional steering column, Bavarii notice. - You may know that other car manufacturers do have experimented with "fully" electronic steering, where the steering wheel was not mechanically connected to the wheels (steer-by-wire). We, too, were similar experiments, but abandoned the idea. So far, no electronics unable to provide the necessary level of feedback in the system and give an informative rudder, which the renowned BMW cars!
Well, not all is lost. But the old unrestricted freedom of the driver, however, is no longer mind-planetary arrangement with the electric motor may still dovorachivat steered wheels by 7-8 degrees team onboard electronics. That is, the car can podrulivat alone!
Why?
To demonstrate this on the current test by BMW Munich produced several sedans BMW 530i with mechanical boxes of gear. AFS. Four standard 530-x, four pilot-steering mechanisms equipped with a built-AFS system.
BMW 530i! It's still cool car BMW 530i! Basovity shestitsilindrovogo sound of the engine, precision pedal adhesion clearly working gearshift. Rudder "mild" - just over three rotations from lock to lock turns on the steering wheel, and "Five" responds smoothly and slowly. Sensitivity is adequate for a solid car. While I would prefer to steer a little "duck" ...
The desire was fulfilled immediately. It cost me climb into a car with the plate Active Steering and to start from the field, both in response to the first as a small deviation "steer" Five sharply, with the heel, sharahnulas in hand!
Hey, so I did not have this in mind: "duck" is a little bit sharper. A BMW has responded to this turn of the helm, as the racing card!
A curved narrow corridor of cones, in which the "normal" five more than required poluoborota helm and interception hand, the pilot car steering wheel from the past, present the degrees to 120. Low perestavku car with the system overcame AFS clearly at greater speed-to zapihnut "alignment" in the same course of "normal" five, I would have to work at the speed of the fan-handed!
System-AFS enables us to change the gear ratio steering components greatly, chief project engineer satisfied produced effect. — Chuvstvitelnostyu manages computer, and we can lay it in any program. In this case, we wanted to show you that using the AFS system can get rid of perennial controversy: "acute" or steering wheel at low speeds and too nervous reaction to the high, or calm behavior on the big swing, but "dumb" when parking handlebars. Н At serial "Five" steering gear ratio is 1:18, and this is a compromise. Thanks to the help of electric motor system AFS that figure in the regime of low down to 1:10 is less than two revolutions helm from lock to lock. Parked in a "fast driving" very convenient!And that with the increasing speed of the car does not become "nervous" in the administration, as electronics disperse gradually reduces the activity of an electric motor. At 180-200 km / h and it shuts off altogether - gear ratio returned to the standard. And at the maximum speed of the electric motor again takes effect, but is beginning to rotate in the opposite direction. Indeed, AFS system is not only able to increase the sensitivity of steering control, but reduce it by increasing the ratio to 1:20 and more!
Д. Indeed. Vyvodish car at the polygon - speed ring, nabiraesh permitted journalists 160 km / h-and rudder become "safer". . At the senses-usual "five". At low speed and severity kartingovaya back ...
This is the question: can I adjust to the variable severity? Answer whether accustomed to the fact that, depending on the speed I need to be treated differently with the steering wheel? Imagine this situation: You going Autobahn in a car with the AFS system. But suddenly there is an obstacle in front of you. You are trying to hinder and bypass interference. But not uspevaete adjust to the increased severity and steer-small, like, turn of a car steering wheel sharply to send otboyniku!
This will not happen, "said Bavarii confidently. First, at demo-avtomobilyah realized one of the most radical changes in the transmission algorithms relations, yes even to the same "crude" and neotrabotanny. At the helm of serial machines severity will vary softer, and perhaps a lesser limits. While such machines as the BMW M3, the gear ratio will be changed from 1:8 to 1:15. In addition, you will soon privyknete to the conduct of the machine, because it will be more convenient than the normal!
But another question remains. Why this to enclose the garden? Indeed, there Alfa Romeo 156-car in which Italian managed without any electronics combine dvuhoborotny "rudder" and the lack of nerve reactions at high speed!
. - Yes, we went to the Alpha-calmly parirovali Germans. —"But before asking this question, proceed to wet bulyzhnomu range. Samy all understand.
For DSC stabilization system included travel on the usual "five" on skolzomu coatings is fairly simple. Rudder turned, clicked on gas and car crackles under characterizes ABS is moving slowly in a circle. ОDSC-disable and went poteha. Discharge gas adjustment wheel, fuel ... Rush! Even a chance to work driving space ...
Peresazhivayus to "five" with the active steering. Kind of like, all the same-stabilization system is turned on, the machine moves in a circle. But crackles ABS inaudible! And once the car rolls differently. Freer, easier, faster.
And when I turned off DSC, and did an astonishing thing. Initially, I did not want to leave the car skidding into custody dumping gas-gently, but persistently "touch". And with the continued drive in a circle! And when I did "broken" and issued a car skidding desired angle, "five" itself went like a slip in the side! I just kept constant gas and retain selected to correct angle of the rudder, and the car moved sideways in a circle, almost without requiring podrulivany!
. The explanation provided Bavarii two vols. First, the system reduces the amplitude of AFS rudder movements necessary to correct skidding. And secondly, even when the system is off the DSC stabilization, the active part of the steering performs its functions! "First Five" did not want to leave in the lateral slip-electronics, sensors signals take their "vestibular apparatus", the very podrulivala and adjusted the front wheels skidding.And once I was able to "win" a computer, he helped lead vehicle skidding, performing for me small corrective movements wheel! And, unlike the human Electronics otrabatyvaet skidding unmistakable. That is why the wheel of the car with the AFS system, I never zakrutilsya ...
Another example of useful activity-system struggles with the demolition of the front wheels. Indeed knows: if the car's front wheels slide virazha outdoors, you should make itself "dissolve" rudder - to give a chance to catch on tires for slippery coating. A man at the wheel or may not know this, or is not able to bring himself to turn the rudder back. A computer will do it instantly and safely!
Power PC. Incidentally, for productivity and for a block of memory management system, AFS roughly the same processor cluster Power PC computer. And consists of two processors, one of which is a duplicate. At just in case. In short, riding with skolzheniyami almost rasseyala my bias. It seems that BMW did not meet "surrender" drayverskie values. And who said that electronics may not help the driver operate the machine to slip? Indeed, there is already one example - Lancer Evo VII. Will and second!
Incidentally, such a mechanism with variable steering gear relations are not only on the BMW. For example, the roadster Honda S2000 for several years now equipped with a series of "coax" rack, which increases the sensitivity and great corners rotating wheels to enhance maneuverability. But planetary mechanism AFS system is much simpler than hondovsky. And turn of the wheels manage to stabilize the system of signals is not resolved, no!
By the way, and when the active steering will be a series? The very mechanism almost brought to readiness for mass production-in the words of engineers, left only a few problems with the noise and with debugging algorithms. Nodes would produce a company known ZF, and Bosch will supply electronics. But people with BMW in this joint project were "agents" - and, of course, engaged in software. In doing so, "there is a Mercedes right to the first night" - although patent mechanism owns Bosch, the partners do not have the right to sell to other nodes in the system AFS automotive firms within two years.
AFS system for the first time is likely to appear on compact cars BMW first series, which we expect debut by half. Incidentally, the first active steering will cost about 1500 euros! A new "Five" BMW will be in the past, but put it on AFS from the outset not uspeyut - EFRCIENCY then. З. But all of the following model BMW will be equipped with "active" handlebars as standard.
According to Mercedes, pritsenivayutsya to planetary machinery and other car manufacturers. Indeed, it is simple and compact so that it can be integrated in the design of almost any car And you know who the author of a patent? No, not German - American. Helmsman "patented" planetarku professor at the University of California at Davis, Dean Karnopp.. In 1990, a patent Bosch bought the company.And in 1997, at the initiative of BMW system began preparing to serial production.
Radi curiosity, I pobrodil on the internet to find out what it is now Professor Karnopp. It turns out that he created it promotes mekatroniku "science" is a mixture of mechanics and electronics. Indeed, the system, "ASF mekatronnaya" by definition Indeed, in itself planetary transmission, Embedded in the steering column, useless. And combined with a powerful computer it is able to much!
Now Dean Karnopp promotes another idea-their tricycles with tilt wheels, transportation future. Brad?. Do not rush to judgment. Indeed, DaimlerChrysler has already demonstrated to journalists in turns three naklonyayuschiysya kontsept-kar. It appears that Professor patents are popular not only at the BMW ...
Leonid GOLOVANOV
Photo author Source : Autoreview.ru |
